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COPYING CONDITIONS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is a little complicated. First of all, I hope all things are handled
correctly. I don't want to bother anyone and I don't want to break any
copyright terms. If you think I made a mistake, please contact me.
The source code of the FreeMiNT CVS repository is based on several different
packages with different copying terms. I spent a lot of time lately doing the
same things on every package I updated over and over again. Furthermore, large
parts of the code were identical in some of the packages. So my main goal was
to get rid of such time consuming jobs, making FreeMiNT development much more
efficient.
CVS, a freely available source control system, helped a lot in achieving this
goal. It handles a unique source base (the CVS master tree) and records every
change with the exact date, the author and a changelog message. For that to
work I had to restructure the kernel source, the modules, and the tools into
one source hierarchy.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Here now a short summary which parts of the source tree apply to which
copyright terms.
======================================================================
==> Please look at the header of the files for exact informations! <==
======================================================================
This is just a hint how things are sorted. Files that fall under the GPL
are marked with `COPYING.GPL'.
sys/ - COPYING.MiNT if copyright is held by Eric Smith,
otherwise it's stated at the top of the file
adi - COPYING.GPL
gen-syscall/ - COPYING.GPL
sockets/ - Copyright Kay Roemer, see sys/sockets/COPYING
xif/ - various authors, see file header
xdd/ - COPYING.GPL if not stated otherwise
flop_raw/ - Public Domain
xfs/
ext2fs/ - COPYING.GPL
minixfs/ - Copyright S.N. Henson, see sys/xfs/minixfs/COPYING
nfs/ - Copyright Ulrich Kuehn, see sys/xfs/nfs/COPYING
ksocket/ - COPYING.GPL
tools/ - COPYING.GPL if not stated otherwise
minix/ - Copyright S.N. Henson, see sys/xfs/minixfs/COPYING
nfs/ - Copyright Ulrich Kuehn, see sys/xfs/nfs/COPYING
toswin2/ - Public Domain
xaaes/ - COPYING.GPL
Frank Naumann
<fnaumann@freemint.de>

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
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Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
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Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
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conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
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and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
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You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
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These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
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NO WARRANTY
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OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
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WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
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To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
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the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
Public License instead of this License.

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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2.1, February 1999
Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
the version number 2.1.]
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the
Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You
can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether
this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better
strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations
below.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
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you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
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To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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^L
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This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James
Random Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990
Ty Coon, President of Vice
That's all there is to it!

54
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MiNT is Not TOS: A Multitasking Operating System Extension for the Atari ST
Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Eric R. Smith.
Copyright 1992,1993,1994 Atari Corporation
All rights reserved.
MINT is still under development, and is probably still very
buggy. Treat it as you would any experimental software;
with extreme caution. Please read the following notice
carefully:
THE MiNT SOURCE CODE AND EXECUTABLES ARE PROVIDED FREE OF CHARGE,
AS IS. ATARI CORPORATION AND ERIC R. SMITH MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS
OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THIS CODE, AND IN PARTICULAR
SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. USE THIS
CODE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION, AND MODIFICATION
1. Redistribution and use of unmodified verbatim copies of MiNT (in either
source or binary forms) are permitted, provided that the above copyright
notices and this documentation are distributed along with all such copies
of MiNT.
2. Redistribution of modified copies of the source code of MiNT, or
of binaries compiled from such modified copies, is permitted under
the terms of paragraph 1 above, provided also that the following
conditions are adhered to:
a) all modified files must carry prominent notices stating that
the files have been changed, and the date of any change; and
b) any binary compiled from a modified version of the MiNT source
code must, when executed, print a notice stating that it is
a modified version of MiNT; and
c) any work that is based in whole or in part on MiNT must be
licensed, at no charge, to all third parties under the terms
of this license. Mere aggregation of a work with another work
based upon MiNT does not cause it to fall under this clause.
In plain English: (1) means you can copy unmodified versions of MiNT,
with the only restriction being that you must preserve copyright
notices, and include a copy of this file. (2) Means that if you
modify your version of MiNT, you can redistribute it as long as
you keep the original copyright notices (including this file),
you clearly indicate that it is a modified version, and you agree
that anyone you give it to can also give it away. If you bundle
MiNT (or a modified version of MiNT) with another program, that
other program does not fall under the terms of this license, but
the copy of MiNT (or the modified version of MiNT) does, and hence
must remain freely copyable.

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ext2.xfs
========
This is a full working Ext2 filesystem driver for FreeMiNT. The complete
project is copyrighted by the GNU Public License.
It can read and write the actual ext2 version as implemented in Linux
for example. The partition size is not limited and the logical sector
size can be 1024, 2048 or 4096 bytes. The only restriction is that
the physical sector size is smaller or equal to the logical sector
size. The blocksize can be configured if you initialize the partition
with mke2fs.
The next good thing is that it's a lot faster as the MinixFS. The Ext2
has a very good structure that is designed for maximal speed and avoids
also fragmentation automatically.
If you have any problems send me an e-mail or write to the MiNT list.
I'm very interested in feedback and suggestions.
Requirements:
-------------
Ext2.xfs requires a XHDI compatible harddisk driver.
It also requires a recent FreeMiNT version (at least 1.15.1 beta 0.6).
The right version is checked on startup.
There are now two versions: ext2.xfs and ext2_st.xfs. The ext2.xfs
version requires at least a 68020 processor. If you have a 68000
processor you must use the ext2_st.xfs version.
It's your task to verify that you use the right version!
NOTE: The 68000 version isn't tested. That's why it's not included here!
If you are interested to test the 68000 version and the 68000 e2fsprogs
please contact me. I don't have a 68000 based ATARI and can't test
it self.
Tips & Tricks:
--------------
Make sure that your ext2-partition is recognised by the harddisk
driver. You can achieve this by either changing its partition ID to
e.g. RAW or by telling your driver to serve the current partition
name (e.g. LNX).
The default cache of the new buffer cache in FreeMiNT is small. To
get a better performance of the Ext2.xfs increase the buffer cache
(I suggest at least a size of 500kb as minimum).
Also use the latest e2fsprogs (version 1.14). These version work
much better as the previous version 1.10 from Axel.
Installation:
-------------
Copy ext2.xfs into the directory of yout boot partition
which contains minix.xfs (e.g. c:\multitos) and restart your computer.
Look in the FreeMiNT 1.15.1 release archive for an example script
to automatically check your filesystems at boottime!
WARNING:
--------
BE CAREFUL WHEN USING THIS PROGRAM. I, THE AUTHOR, CAN'T TAKE ANY
GARANTY THAT YOU WILL NOT LOOSE ALL OR ANY OF OUR PRECIOUS DATA WHEN
USING THIS PROGRAM. BACKUP OFTEN, BACKUP QUICK.
History:
--------
See in ChangeLog for more details
Thanks to Axel Kaiser who started this project and put it into the GPL.
Now it's almost ready, stable and very fast.
Thanks also to all other people that helped me and told me that
they are very happy to see this development. This was a good
motivation.
Have fun.
Frank Naumann
<fnaumann@freemint.de>
Magdeburg, 16.09.2000

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These are strictly speaking no bugs, but unimplemented features or
BSD incompatibilities:
Transmission Control Protocol:
------------------------------
- MSS fixed at 536 bytes currently. May use larger values on directly
connected networks. DONE.
- Selecting for exceptional conditions (ie waiting for urgent data)
does not work. This needs work on the kernel. WORKS with TeSches
patches applied.
- A process is only notified of urgent data arrival via SIGURG when
he does a read(), write() or select(). FIXED. Signalling is now done
asynchronously using a separate process.
- There is currently no round trip time estimation done for calculating
the retransmission timeout. DONE.
- No "Nagle-Algorithm" implemented.
- No congestion avoidance. DONE.
- No slow start implemented. DONE.
- No delayed acks.
- The following is really a bug in BSD. Here are the BSD out-of-band semantics:
Lets say you write 5 bytes of out of band data using the MSG_OOB
flag with send().
Then the receiver will only be able to receive the urgent data if he
has no other unread urgent data pending. If he has no urgent data
pending he can receive the last byte of the urgent data using recv()
with MSG_OOB.
The other 4 bytes are received as normal data. The "mark" (you can
query the system if you have received all data up until the mark
using the SIOCATMARK ioctl) is placed behind these 4 bytes.
Here are the MintNet semantics of out of band handling.
You can write as much urgent data as you want.
The receiver can read *all* the urgent data using recv() with the
MSG_OOB flag.
The "mark" is placed *before* the urgent data byte with the lowest
sequence number.
If there are several chunks of urgent data waiting to be read, the
"mark" moves from the first to the next one when you read data after
the current position of the mark.
You can partially emulate the BSD semantics by placing the socket
into "out-of-band-data-inline" mode using the SO_OOBINLINE socket
option. You can then read urgent data using MSG_OOB or the normal
read().
User Datagram Protocol:
-----------------------
- recv/recvfrom return the amount of data copied -- not the size of
the datagram as BSD does with MSG_PEEK.
Internet Control Message Protocol:
----------------------------------
- Most message types not implemented.

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All files in this archive are Copyright (c) 1993-95 Kay Roemer.
Exceptions are explicitely stated.
I cannot take over any responsibility for any files in this distribution.
Therefore the following disclaimer:
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
You are welcome to use, copy, distribute and modify the source code
included in this package for noncommercial purposes as long as the
following conditions are met:
o All the files are kept in the distribution.
o Any modifications on files in the distribution are clearly
marked as such, including a statement that the original author
is not responsible for your modifications and possible damage
resulting in your modifications.
o You may not sell this package or parts of it for more than
double the cost of copying the files onto media, including
the cost of the media, excluding local taxes.
Usage of MintNet or parts of it as part of commercial products requires a
written licence from Kay Roemer.
You have agreed with the above conditions when holding copies of the
distribution in your posession.

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MintNet alpha release README
----------------------------
Contents:
0. Disclaimer
1. What is MintNet?
2. Things needed to run MintNet
3. Things needed to recompile MintNet
4. Recompiling MintNet
5. How to install
6. Network programming
7. BSD Unix (in)compatibilities
8. If you have found a bug
0. Disclaimer
-------------
This package should be regarded as experimental. It is quite possible
that it contains bugs that may do the weirdest things to your hard drive
although I believe it is quite stable now. Anyway, make regular backups!
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1. What is MintNet?
-------------------
MintNet is a networking extension for Atari computers running Mint.
It currently implements the suite of networking protocols referred to as
'TCP/IP' and a local interprocess communication mechanism known as 'unix
sockets' that is in principle similar to named pipes. MintNet is prepared
for adding further networking protocol stacks (like Novells IPX/SPX or
Appletalk for instance).
Thus you can use MintNet to intergrate your Atari into a networked environ-
ment that consists of systems supporting TCP/IP (as the Internet).
MintNet consists of four major parts, a loadable device driver for Mint
(sockdev.xdd), several loadable packet drivers (eg. slip.xif), a library
(socket.olb) and some tool programs (in the tool/ subdirectory) to setup
and manage MintNet.
The device driver links to the Mint Kernel when loaded and installs the
device u:/dev/socket through which the services provided by MintNet can
be accessed.
The libary provides you with the usual BSD socket API functionality using
the services of u:/dev/socket. That means porting Unix software to MintNet
using this libary is really easy. In fact many important packages like ftp,
telnet, ... are ported to MintNet using this library.
The packet drivers are responsible for sending and receiving datagrams over
some type of hardware, for instance slip.xif is responsible for sending
datagrams over serial lines using the SLIP or PPP protocol. For every type
of communication hardware such a packet driver is needed. sockdev.xdd calls
the proper packet driver for sending and receiving datagrams and does not
contain communication hardware specific code.
Packet drivers are currently available for SLIP, PPP, PLIP, Ethernet and
loopback.
Please contact me if you want to write Ethernet hardware drivers or have
hardware that is worth to write a driver for.
2. Things needed to run MintNet
-------------------------------
There are some (in fact a lot) things needed to get MintNet running:
1) An up to date Mint version. Preferably Mint 1.12, MH-Mint 1.12hX or
newer. A megapatched Mint 1.11h9 will probably work too. This is because
the MintNet device driver needs some features of the Mint Kernel that have
been added recently.
Mint binaries, sources and documentation is available via anonymous FTP
from ftp.uni-muenster.de:/pub/atari/Mint/Kernel.
2) Until there are no easy to use installer program and window system based
applications for MintNet you need some experience with cli's and a Unix-like
setup. That is *not* because MintNet itself needs this, but (un)fortunately
all the currently available applications using MintNet are ports of Unix
programs and they need a basic Unix setup to work.
3) Some networking applications for MintNet. A good starting set is inetd,
ping, telnet, ftp, pppd (if you want to use PPP), dip (if you want to use
SLIP).
These programs are not part of this package. They can be found for instance
at ftp.uni-muenster.de:/pub/atari/Mint/Network.
4) Most of those Networking applications require you to run syslogd, a program
that logs system messages to files or the console. If you want to run telnet
or rlogin *servers* on your host you need the login program, too.
Both programs are part of the MintOS 1.4.1 package which is available via
anonymous ftp from earth.ox.ac.uk:/pub/mintos.
For the unexperienced KGMD (Knarfs German Mint Distribution) is a good
starting point. It provides you with a ready to go MintNet environment.
KGMD 1.0 can be found at ftp.phil.uni-sb.de:/pub/atari/mint/KGMD-1.0/.
Another package that contains a basic Mint setup is the Mint distribution kit
MDK (which is a bit outdated), available from phlem.ph.kcl.ac.uk.
3. Things needed for compiling
------------------------------
This package contains already compiled versions of the libraries and the
socket device driver for people who are not willing or able to compile
the stuff. If you are one of them you can ignore the following instructions
about compiling and use the precompiled binaries instead.
1) tar and gzip to unpack the archive (bit silly this one since you are
reading this file).
2) gcc, preferably 2.3.3 or >= 2.5.8, since versions inbetween those have
been reported to be buggy.
3) gmake, preferably 3.6x or later.
4) binutils PL >= 30.
5) MiNTLibs PL >= 41, because as of PL 41 they support the socket library
in errno.h and strerror(). If you don't mind getting messages like 'unknown
error' from perror(), you can use earlier versions too.
6) Minixfs or something similar that supports long filenames. This is not
absolutely neccessary, but there are some filenames that do not fit into
the 8+3 filename scheme.
4. Rebuilding the library and device driver
-------------------------------------------
Edit MakeVars to reflect your setup.
It is easiest to rebuild the whole package by typing
1) make clean
2) make depend
3) make all
into the top level directory. This will rebuild the socket device driver
and all the libraries as necessary. 1) deletes all .o files from previous
compilations. 2) generates the dependency-files that tell make which files
need to be rebuilt when changing one particular file.
Of cource you can 'cd' to one particular subdirectory and remake only parts
of the package. Please have a look at the Makefiles.
You should get the following binaries out of the above steps:
lib/socket.olb -- 32 bit socket library.
lib/socket16.olb -- 16 bit socket library.
lib/bsocket.olb -- 32 bit -mbaserel socket library.
lib/bsocket16.olb -- 16 bit -mbaserel socket library.
net/sockdev.xdd -- socket device driver.
net/drivers/plip.xif -- PLIP packet driver
net/drivers/slip.xif -- combined SLIP/PPP packet driver
net/drivers/dummy.xif -- dummy (lookpback) ethernet driver
net/drivers/de600.xif -- driver for de600 adapter connected to ROM port
net/drivers/riebl*.xif -- drivers for RIEBL card
net/drivers/pamsdma.xif -- driver PAM's external DMA adaptor
net/drivers/lance.xif -- driver for PAM's internal card
net/drivers/biodma.xif -- driver for BIODATA's external DMA adaptor
tool/netstat -- netstat utility, show active connections.
tool/route -- route utility, change/show routing table.
tool/ifconfig -- ifconfig utility, change/show interface config.
tool/slattach -- slattach utility, attach SLIP interface.
tool/iflink -- iflink utility, link Mint device to interface.
tool/arp -- arp utility, change/show ARP table.
tool/ifstats -- ifstats utility, show interface statistics.
5. Installing the libraries and the device driver
-------------------------------------------------
Run the shell script install.sh in the MintNet top level directory:
# ./install.sh
You will be asked for your networking parameters like hostname, domainname,
IP address and what connections to directly connected hosts you wish to
establish. From your answers the script will generate basic config files, that
enable you to use MintNet after reboot.
Now you may want to "hand tune" the configuration files a bit. They are
hold in /etc. The most important are
* /etc/resolv.conf (host name resolver config. Read man/cat5/resolver.5)
* /etc/host.conf (more host name resolver config. Read man/cat8/resolv+.8)
* /etc/hosts (host name database)
* /etc/hostname (your hostname)
* /etc/domainname (your domainname)
* /etc/rc.net (MintNet startup shell script, *must* be executed after reboot,
from /etc/rc or mint.cnf)
The basic MintNet utilities are described by manual pages in man/cat8/.
Read route.8, ifconfig.8, netstat.8!
The script install.sh is intended for first installation only. If you have
already a working MintNet installation and only want to update the binaries
to a newer version, then type 'make install' into the toplevel MintNet
directory. Change to the 'man' directory and type 'make install' to install
the manuals.
6. Getting information about socket and network programming
-----------------------------------------------------------
Because MintNet providedes you with a BSD socket compatible API (with some
extensions and omissions) through the socket.olb library, any literature on
Unix networking would help alot.
You can obtain information about using the facilities provided by this package
by having a look at the manual pages in the man subdirectory. You could also
get the texinfo manual from the GNU-C library or a good book, like
- Comer, Stevens: `Internetworking with TCP/IP I-III' (for learning)
- Richard W. Stevens: `Unix Network Programming'
- Andrew S. Tannenbaum: `Computer Networks'
- Leffler, McKusick, Karels, Quaterman: `4.3 BSD Unix -- Design and
Implementation' (for insiders)
- Santifaller: `TCP/IP und NFS in Theorie und Praxis' (an introduction)
- Loosemore, McGrath, Oram, Stallman: `The GNU C Library Reference Manual'
(for reference)
- RFCs 786(UDP), 790(assigned numbers), 791(IP), 792(ICMP), 793(TCP),
1055(SLIP), 1122(Host Requirements), 1331(PPP), 1144(VJ compression),
894,1042(IP over 802.x), 826(ARP), 903(RARP) (for protcol specifications)
7. BSD Unix (in)compatibility
-----------------------------
Here are some notes on incompatibilities to the BSD Unix programming interface
for the ones familiar with it.
- The socket ioctl's are currently not in the Mint Library. Use the file
sockios.h from the include dir instead or get my portlib.
- Most IP options are not processed like they should.
- Very few (only the most important from my point of view) ICMP message
types are implemented.
- Currently sendmsg() and recvmsg() on AF_UNIX sockets do not support sending
and receiving of access rights. (ie file handles).
- There are lots of new error codes, like ENOTCONN, ... To get meaningful
messages from perror() and strerror() and for support of the new errorcodes
you will need the MiNTLibs patchlevel >= 41.
- On AF_UNIX stream sockets you can set the send buffer size with the
setsockopt() call only if the socket is connected. For AF_UNIX dgram
sockets you can't at all set the send buffer size, only receive buffer size.
- stat(), fstat() on sockets and AF_UNIX socket files return for the file
type S_IFCHR and S_IFREG, respectively (not S_IFSOCK).
- select()ing for writing on dgram sockets will always report that writing
will not block, even if the desriptor is NOT ready for writing.
- The FIONREAD ioctl() call on AF_UNIX/AF_INET dgram sockets returns the
size of the next datagram or zero if none is available.
The FIONWRITE ioctl() call on AF_UNIX dgram sockets returns an infinite
number bytes if you did not specify a destination address for the socket
using connect().
FIONWRITE on UDP sockets returns always `infinity'.
- Sending and receiving of more than one TCP urgent data byte is supported.
Unfortunately this causes some incompatibilities. Read the file net/inet/BUGS
to learn the differences.
8. If you have found a bug
--------------------------
In case you find a bug or incompatibility in MintNet or want me to implement
some feature you need then don't hesitate to contact me at the below given
Email address.
If you report a bug I need a detailed description of your setup, of the
symptoms and the circumstances that caused the bug to appear and if possible
a small peace of code that reproduces the bug.
Keep in mind that I can't do anything to solve problems described by messages
like 'MintNet does not work! What shall I do?'
Please report bugs only to me (Torsten Lang) since Kay Roemer does not maintain
the package any more. Thanks.
Have fun with MintNet,
--
Kay Roemer roemer@informatik.uni-frankfurt.de
http://www.uni-frankfurt.de/~roemer/
--
Torsten Lang Torsten@Lang.net

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!!! IMPORTANT !!!
MintNet now needs Mint 1.11h9 or newer to run. I don't consider this a
problem, because Mint 1.12 and later versions are available in binary form.
If you intend to use MintNet in a SingleTOS+Mint environment, you must copy
nohog.acc to the root of your boot drive. This accessory keeps AES from
staying all the time in supervisor mode (thus preventing Mint from switching
contexts and MintNet from working). nohog.acc is taken from the MinixFS
distribution and is written by Stephen N. Henson.

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README FILE FOR IP MASQUERADING
The IP masquerading support was implemented by Mario Becroft in May 1999 and
is placed in the public domain.
The following files changed from the standard net-1.03 distribution:
tool/Makefile
net/inet/Makefile
net/inet/ip.c
net/inet/ip.h
net/inet/tcp.c
net/inet/inet.c
The following files were added to the standard net-1.03 distribution:
include/masquerade.h
include/masqextern.h
tool/masqconf.c
net/inet/masqdev.c
net/inet/masquerade.c
README.masquerade
INTRODUCTION
I implemented IP masquerading for MiNTnet, as well as a quick fix for the "land"
bug which would freeze mintnet.
I am sure that my implementation is not optimal and contains many bugs, because
this is the first low-level network programming I have ever done and I am not
very familiar with it. When even experienced programmers get bugs in their code,
you can only begin to imagine the kind of errors I am likely to make.
Nevertheless it does seem to work, so I must have done something right.
To use the IP masquerading features, simply copy the new sockdev.xdd into
your mint folder and reboot the machine. IP masquerading is still disabled by
default, but can be enabled using the masqconf program, as explained below.
USING MASQCONF / QUICK START GUIDE
To configure the IP masquerading you use the masqconf program from the tool
directory.
To show the current configuration and any masquerade database entries, invoke
masqconf with no arguments.
To get help, invoke masqconf with help or any unknown command as an argument.
Normally you don't need to worry about all the available settings, the only
important ones are address, netmask and flags. The rest can be left at the
default values.
address should be set to the address of the network to be masqueraded for,
and netmask should be the netmask of that network.
For example if you have a local network 10.0.0.0 you might configure IP
masquerading for all machines on the network with the following command:
masqconf address 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0
Once you have correctly set the parameters you must set the ENABLED flag to
make IP masquerading operate, like so:
masqconf set ENABLED
That is all there is to it. Now you can access the internet from any of
the machines on your network, even though you only have one actual IP address!
PORT REDIRECTION
Apart from allowing a masqueraded machine to initiate connections to another
computer the IP masquerading supports permanent redirection of certain ports
on the masquerading gateway to go to a masqueraded machine. You configure this
with the masqconf redirect command. The parameters are gateway port,
destination address an destination port.
For example to redirect incoming HTTP requests on the gateway machine to
port 456 of masqueraded machine 10.0.0.5, you could use the following command:
masqconf redirect 80 10.0.0.5 456
To stop redirecting a port, use the masqconf unredirect command. For example
to reverse the above redirection, issue the following command:
masqconf unredirect 80
FAQ
Q. Why does (xyz feature) not work properly?
A. Like I said this is my first project with any kind of low-level network
programming, and I probably made quite a lot of mistakes. Certainly notify me
if you find a bug, but it's even better if you try to fix it yourself then
mail me and explain how you fixed it. But also see the next question.
Q. Why do some protocols like FTP and DCC not work via IP masquerading?
A. Some programs send low-level protocol information in a high-level protocol,
including IP addresses and port numbers. IP masquerading doesn't know about
that, and doesn't masquerade those addresses properly. Eventually I plan to
add support for this, but it is very complicated. In the mean time, you can
sometimes avoid the problem by adjusting the settings in the problematic
program, for example if you set your FTP client to passive mode it will work
ok.
Q. Why doesn't this documentation explain a whole lot of things like the
timeouts, masquerade database, port redirection, flags, etc., etc.?
A. I want to make IP masquerading available, but I did not have time to
write lots of documentation. Read the source code! Or if you send me an email
I will be happy to help. I hope to write some better documentation later.
BUGS
Lots!
Seriously, it can't be so bad as I've used the IP masquerading quite a lot and
it doesn't fail. But I have noticed some inconsistencies.
Sometimes a condition occurs where a TCP connection that is not yet opened
(or not yet properly closed) tosses lots of packets backwards and forwards in
an endless loop. I don't know why this happens, but I am looking into it. If
you see this bug, try to track it down and fix it. As a temporary fix, just
disable IP masquerading (masqconf unset ENABLED) then enable it again
(masqconf set ENABLED) to break the loop.
I think there is some sort of bug handling incoming ICMP error messages
for a masqueraded host. Particularly, error messages about UDP datagrams
seem to get through to the host that sent the datagram which caused the error,
but the host doesn't seem to interpret them. Is the checksum wrong, or
something?
CONTACTING ME
I would like to hear anything you have to say about the IP masquerading.
Please send an email to:
mb@tos.pl.net
Please note that this address will become invalid in about a month's time.
I will announce my new address at that time via the MiNT mailing list and
other appropriate forums.

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README FILE FOR IP MASQUERADING (TORSTEN LANG)
The ip masquerading support now also contains support for ftp. Unfortunately
this still is not stable but I realease it anyway and hope that someone else
will be able to find and fix the problem (and certainly pass the fix to me ;-).
The ftp support is implemented in a way that makes it quite easy to add support
for other protocols too (like irc). Since I have no possibility to test these
other protocols I have not implemented support for these.
CONTACTING ME
If you find the remaining bug in the ftp support that causes the connection to
break after a few "dir" commands please let me know immediately. Please send
mail to:
Torsten@Lang.net
Hopefully this address will stay valid for the near future.

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Minixfs is copyright S.N. Henson 1991,1992,1993,1994,1995.
This code may be freely distributed unmodified, provided this copyright notice
is intact. A small copying fee may be charged for redistribution provided this
does not exceed the equivalent of five pounds Sterling (UK currency).
You are free to compile, modify and recompile modified versions of this
program. Modified versions of this source may be redistributed provided:
1. Modified versions are clearly marked as such in each file modified.
2. This copying file is included unmodified in any distribution.
3. An additional startup message is added stating that it is a modified
version after the original startup message.
4. The orginal copyright startup message is not modified in any way.
5. No additional restrictions are placed on the modified version, in particular
full source must still be freely available and freely distributable.
Binaries compiled from this code may also be redistributed. Binaries
compiled from modified versions of this code may also be redistributed provided
this copying file is included intact and conditions 1 to 5 above are met.
This version may not be used for profit or in a commercial environment,
this includes the development of software that requires a registration fee.
If you wish to use Minixfs to develop anything other than free software or use
it in a commercial environment then Minixfs must be registered for a small fee,
please contact me for further details.
Distribution of this program with commercial packages is not allowed
without my written permission, please contact me if you wish to do this,
or indeed if you want a similar filesystem writing for a different purpose
(e.g. TT Unix or Spectre), however I am not in a position to write filesystems
for other commercial packages free of charge.
I reserve the right to modify these conditions at some future date.
Please note that although I believe each release to be stable and
test it thoroughly I offer no guarantee. Therefore, THIS PROGRAM COMES
WITH NO WARANTEE WHATSOEVER AND USE IS ENTIRELY AT YOUR OWN RISK, I WILL
NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGE CAUSED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY FROM ITS USE.

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MinixFS 0.74
============
Note: Only run with FreeMiNT 1.15.1 and above!
It's recommended to use this version with at least FreeMiNT 1.15.5
for best performance!
What's new?
-----------
Two bugfixes.
Frank Naumann
<fnaumann@freemint.de>
Magdeburg, 01.04.2000
==============================================================================
******************************************************************************
==============================================================================
MinixFS 0.72
============
Note: Only run with FreeMiNT 1.15.1 and above!
What's new?
-----------
Added filesystem clean flag. Updated also fsck & minit for this.
If you use the new fsck please also use the new xfs driver!
Added native UTC mode to the xfs driver.
Updates and some bugfixes.
Frank Naumann
<fnaumann@freemint.de>
Magdeburg, 10.10.1999
==============================================================================
******************************************************************************
==============================================================================
MinixFS 0.71
============
Note: Only run with FreeMiNT 1.15.0 and above!
What's new?
-----------
Support for (configurable) write-protection on filesystem level.
Frank Naumann
<fnaumann@freemint.de>
Magdeburg, 13.04.1999
==============================================================================
******************************************************************************
==============================================================================
MinixFS 0.70 pl8
================
Note: Only run with FreeMiNT 1.15.0 and above!
What's new?
-----------
An updated fsck is included here. Requires XHDI and access all
partitions in a clean and safe way. It's also a little bit faster.
Also updates and bugfixes for MinixFS and minit.
Frank Naumann
<fnaumann@freemint.de>
Magdeburg, 05.03.1999
==============================================================================
******************************************************************************
==============================================================================
MinixFS 0.70 pl7
================
Note: Only run with FreeMiNT 1.15.0 and above!
fsck sources are not included here
What's new?
-----------
A totally rewritten minit (MinixFS initializer) is included here.
Also updates and bugfixes for MinixFS.
Note: New minit requires XHDI and can't create MinixFS filesystems
on floppys at the moment (update follow).
Also minit create always MinixFS V2 now.
Frank Naumann
<fnaumann@freemint.de>
Magdeburg, 22.12.1998
==============================================================================
******************************************************************************
==============================================================================
MinixFS 0.70 pl6
================
Note: Only run with FreeMiNT 1.15.0 and above!
This is an update archive and include only the source from MinixFS and a
minix.xfs ready to install. All other tools (minit, fsck, ...) are not
included here.
What's new?
-----------
First, a more detailed list of changes you found in Changes.
I removed completly the cache management and low level I/O interface. This is
integrated in the new kernel. This reduce also the code size (now 26 kb,
MinixFS 0.60 ~40 kb). For technical reasons I must remove (buggy) Mount/Unmount
Support.
I also added some new Dcntl's that are used by FSetter for example.
Please note that the old MinixFS use 120 kB as default cache. The default cache
of the new buffer cache management in FreeMiNT 1.15 is 100 kB. And the new global
buffer cache is also used by the new fat-fs and other xfs in the future.
Frank Naumann
<fnaumann@freemint.de>
Magdeburg, 10.10.1998

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All files in this archive are Copyright (c) 1993, 1994 by Ulrich Kuehn.
Exceptions are explicitely stated.
I cannot take over any responsibility for any files in this distribution.
Therefore the following disclaimer:
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
You are welcome to use, copy, distribute and modify the source code
included in this package as long as the following conditions are met:
o All the files are kept in the distribution.
o Any modifications on files in the distribution are clearly
marked as such, including a statement that the original author
is not responsible for your modifications and possible damage
resulting in your modifications.
o You may not sell this package for more than the cost of copying
the files onto media, including the cost of the media, excluding
local taxes. This does not apply to modified versions, which are
only allowed to be distributed for free (of course you are
allowed to sell the diffs, but not the modified package!).
For exceptions the written consent of the author is necessary.
You have agreed with the above conditions when holding copies of the
distribution in your posession, you can terminate this by destroying
any copy and all modified versions of this software in your possession.
Of course any donations of money in any amount are very wellcome, just send
it to my address or ask for a bank connection...
My address is:
Email:
kuehn@math.uni-muenster.de (preferred)
Snail mail:
Ulrich Kuehn
Geibelstr.9
48161 Muenster
Germany

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This is an early beta version of an networking file system for MiNT.
Copyright 1993, 1994 by Ulrich K<>hn. All rights reserved.
DISCLAIMER:
===========
THIS PROGRAM COMES WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, NOT
EVEN THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. USE AT YOUR OWN
RISK.
See also the file COPYING for further details.
EXPLANATION:
============
A network file system allows computers to access file that are physically
located on another computer transparently. Therefor the must be a means of
data transport between these two computers (see above for the current
situation). The computer accessing the remote file is called the client,
the computer being physically the owner of that file is the server.
On the server, there must be a service program running, that satisfies the
access requests of the client. This program is called nfs daemon, short
named nfsd. Because normally the client does not know which files can be
accessed by it, it must be told so; this is called mounting of a remote
directory or file and done with a program called mount on the client.
On the server side there must run another service program, the mount daemon
called mountd, which serves these mount requests by clients.
So: without nfsd no file access, without mountd no mounts to access files.
Another point is that both server and client can be the same computer!
Then the daemon programs run on that machine, and also the mount program is
executed there. This is the easiest way to test this package.
INSTALLATION:
=============
There are a few things to do (better try first server and client on the
same computer) :
- (both server and client) make sure to have Kay Roemer's mint-net (a socket
device) installed correctly. Version >= 0.30
(eMail: roemer@hera.rbi.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de)
This includes:
- make sure to have a directory u:\etc (make a symbolic link to
your preferred place in mint.cnf)
- place the following files in u:\etc
hostname, hosts, networks, services, resolv.conf
- name your host by writing a name into u:\etc\hostname
- (client) copy the nfs.xfs (the client filesystem driver) to a place where
MiNT can find it at boot time (that is \mint or \multitos on your boot drive)
- (server) install the portmapper daemon from the sun rpc package. Place
the rpc file into u:\etc
The portmapper is essential as both the mount daemon and the mount
command rely on that, but as a temporary hack, they can also work without
the portmapper.
- (server) create a file u:\etc\xtab containing all the exported directories
or files. This file is necessary for both nfsd and mountd (if necessary,
rename them to nfsd.ttp and mountd.ttp). Please look into the bundled
example, as no further docs are availbale at the moment. (or look into
some unix adm doc)
- reboot
Then start the mountd and the nfsd. Now the system is ready to do some
nfs mounts. Here an example: (suppose \etc\xtab contains a line
\f\source ....)
mount hostname:\f\source \nfs\source
where hostname is the name of your host. (all operations done while drive
u: is the current. It should be, as mount treats the ':' as separator
betweeen hostname and directory name)
Another point is that if you are trying to run server and client stuff on
the same machine, the hostname for the mount command must be 'localhost'
or 'loopback' (there should be such a line in \etc\hosts), as the resolver
otherwise does not find the correct host (this behavior might depend on the
version of the mint-net your are using, or on your configuration)
After this operation you should have a directory source in u:\nfs which has
all the contents of the original \f\source
All this can be done within mint.cnf (or better use a shell script which
is started from mint.cnf -- look at the example rc.mup and mint.cnf)
A new feature of the mountd and nfsd is that they can be started by
the inetd and terminate themselfes in this case after a short time, so
there is no need to hold the all the time running in memory. Just install
the inetd and make sure that the mount and nfs lines in u:\etc\inetd.conf
are correct, that means they are active and the paths are correct.
COMPILATION:
============
If you want to rebuild the binaries by yourself, you have first to edit
the paths in the Makevars file, especially the BUILDDIR variable.
Then simply type make all or make install and wait...
BUGS:
=====
- the nfsd is not able to find a file on a TOSFS (in the state of MiNT
<= 1.10) if it has only its nfs handle and no internal information. So
it does not work properly on such a file system, sorry. But it works on
a patched TOSFS with Julian Reschke's crc patch applied and enabled.
This patch is included in MiNT 1.12 (get this anyway, as binaries are
available!), but it seems to be disabled by default (take a look into
tosfs.c in the MiNT source).
- no caching of results for nonidempotent requests. So if the anser of a
file remove request gets lost and the client resends this request, it
will fail because the file is already gone.
- no exportfs command, so you have to edit your \etc\xtab yourself and
cannot use the \etc\exports file.
- several mount options are still not supported by the XFS, such as
hard mounts
MY CONFIGURATION:
=================
I am running this system on a TT030 with 4/4 Mb ram, TOS 3.06, a patched
MiNT 1.12, using both minixfs and the patched tosfs, and it seems to be
quite stable now, but who knows?
THANKS:
=======
Many thanks go to Kay Roemer for his great socket device, which made this
nfs possible. He also constantly supplied me with critics, suggestions,
ideas and bug fixes.
CONTACT ADDRESS:
================
If you have questions, bug reports, suggestions, etc. please contact
me under:
kuehn@math.uni-muenster.de (Ulrich Kuehn) preferred
Ulrich Kuehn, Geibelstr.9, 48161 Muenster, Germany
Have fun
Ulrich

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XCONOUT2.XDD
============
This piece of code implements a device /dev/xconout2 to MiNT. Once
installed it doesn't do anything at all, which is why it should be
quite save to install it even if you don't actually always use it.
If you open /dev/xconout2 (which can only be done by one program)
a new routine will be installed as a xconout2 handler. After this
all data being written to the console, may it be any program writing
directly to /dev/console or any daemon which was started with stdout
pointing to /dev/console or even MiNT's internal debugging routines
is not printed but buffered instead.
So if you write a program which opens and selects this device for
reading you'll be able to catch everything which might possibly destroy
the screen contents under any kind of graphic application. If you should
want to print the data to the console anyway, you can do this by writing
it back to /dev/xconout2. Note that both read and write calls will
never block.
The only reason why this appears as a device driver is that a user
level program doesn't need any MiNT specific functions (contrary to the
stuff implemented in W0R8) and it's quite save: In case of a program
crash the file will be closed by MiNT, which will install the original
routine again. So even in cases of severe program crashes there's no
chance of the vector pointing to abandoned memory and thus perhaps
crashing the whole system any more (as it sometimes did in W0R8).
BUGS: None (?).
KNOWN FEATURES: Doesn't use XBRA and things like these. I very much doubt
that under a multitasking environment it's very clever to change vectors
from elsewhere that inside the OS itself. So I hope there isn't any
program which will cause greater problems.
Anyway: USE IT AT YOUR OWN RISK! THERE'S NO WARRANTY!
ciao,
TeSche <itschere@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de>